PEOSC is a major civil-society network in Benin, coordinated by WANEP-Bénin, which works to promote election transparency, citizen participation, and accountability. Through a strategic “Observer – Rapporter – Agir” approach, the PEOSC deploys fixed observers in polling stations across all 12 departments and 77 communes. It also operates a “Salle de situation” (situation room) where real-time data from observers is collected and analyzed via an electronic system, allowing for prompt situational reporting. The 2023 legislative election saw 714 PEOSC observers accredited, and their preliminary turnout estimation (44.94 %) came from direct observation of 675 polling stations.